ReSOURCE

Artists

Geraldine McCullough
October 6, 2024
Geraldine McCullough. Untitled, 1992. Metal assemblage, 22" (W) x 16" (H). Permanent collection of the South Side Community Art Center.

Geraldine McCullough

Geraldine McCullough (1917-2008) was born in Kingston, Arkansas and moved to Chicago at the age of three. She is recognized as a painter and pioneering Black sculptor whose work has appeared in exhibitions at the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum of Women in the Arts. After graduating from Hyde Park High School, McCullough attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, receiving her BA in Painting in 1948 and her MA in Art Education in 1955. Working at first as a painter, McCullough exhibited nationally while also teaching art at Wendell Phillips High School. Her husband, Lester McCullough, introduced her to sculpture, the medium where she principally honed her creative practice. She received her first major sculpting award in 1963 at the Century of Negro Progress Exposition in Chicago and subsequently received the prestigious George D. Widener Gold Medal for Sculpture in 1965 for her mixed-metal sculpture called Phoenix. After 14 years as a teacher, McCullough accepted an art professorship position at Rosary College (now Dominican University), where she was eventually promoted to chair the Art Department until her retirement in 1989. Her sculptures and paintings incorporated scrap metals and assemblage, were largely informed by African rituals and spirituality, and addressed universal themes such as struggle and triumph that spawned from her own life experiences.

 

 

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MIXED MEDIA AND STILL LIFE

Works in EMERGENCE are diverse in their subject matter and media, but a few themes reappear throughout. Working in abstraction or in the traditionally peaceful genre of still life, artists like William Carter, Allen Stringfellow, and Jonathan Green express themes of interiority or sociability, history or modernity. Notably, Stringfellow and Ralph Arnold both experimented with media and materials and worked extensively in collage, which allowed them to combine abstract design, figurative imagery, and on occasion political ideas.

Viewers typically expect Black artists to focus on particular aspects of their social and political identities within their work. Where might those expectations come from? Still life, abstraction, and collage may express many different things about artists’ interior lives and their visual and social observation, whether connected to public manifestations of identity or not.

William Carter’s mid-century still life Untitled presents a group of vibrantly colored bottles that invite the viewer’s gaze, set against a similarly colorful background with floral elements like grapes and leaves. They give evidence of conviviality and might be interpreted as symbols of social gatherings, but they could also just be a collection of pleasing forms. We might put Carter’s still life in dialogue with that of Jonathan Green, who became close friends with Carter while living in Chicago. Green’s close-up view of an eloquently simple composition presents oranges, a pear, and a lemon in front of two vessels. Works like this piece call the viewer to examine the objects the artist chose to include, to consider how they interact with each other like bodies in space, and to reflect on their meaning within the traditional genre of still life painting.

Collage might suggest the piecing together of identity from different components that might not usually coexist, giving room for more expansive imaginations of meaning than a straightforward representational image might allow. It could also just be an inventive way of combining colors, shapes, and textures. Allen Stringfellow’s Untitled, a collage from 1962, brings familiar motifs from still life—fruit and flowers, desserts and glassware—together with imagery of artist’s models and performers. Layered with paint and tissue paper that frustrate the viewer’s attempt to get clarity on the subject matter, the bursts of form and colors hint at the splashy abstraction of Stringfellow’s untitled, textured painting made from house paint and particulate on cardboard. Here the artist tests commonly found materials to create new textures and plays with the creation of colors and finishes that diverge from “Western” academic painting methods.

In The Waiting, Arnold constructs a large collage from different paper components, lace, and paint. In the piece, elements of European and African art are placed in dialogue with one another, while some figures appear alone and isolated, others in large groups. Without giving easy answers, Arnold implies questions about social issues. Who is waiting, and for what? In his Love Sign II, which bears the words “Love is Universal,” Arnold asserts the equal validity of all types of romantic affection and love, utilizing collage to convey a more straightforward political message.